ANOVA

Table 2. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of child engagement by household income.

Household IncomeMean EngagementF-value
Low Income6.750.012**
Middle Income8.67 
Higher Income6.00 

Note: p<.05*, p<.01**, p<.001***

The dependent variable for this ANOVA was child engagement. This was asked on a 0-10 scale. The independent variable for this ANOVA was household income. Respondents were categorized based upon their responses as either “Low Income”, “Middle Income”, or “Higher Income”. The mean engagement for low income households was 6.74 out of 10. The mean engagement for middle income households was 8.67 out of 10. The mean engagement for higher income households was 6.00 out of 10.  According to the ANOVA results (F=0.012) there is a significant difference between these means at the .01 level**. Therefore, household income directly influences child engagement.