Below is an explanation of the data through a chi-squared, independent samples t-test, and an ANOVA. The data was used to answer the research question “How does the number of individuals that live in the household and participate in the activity affect the amount of assistance a child needs to successfully complete an activity?”. Table 1 presents a chi-squared analysis. Table 2 presents an independent samples t-test. Table 3 presents an ANOVA.
Table 1:
| Association between a child/ children successfully writing the letters of their name in the tray and the number of people who participated in the activity. | |||||
| One Person | Two People | Three People | Four People | Five People | |
| Yes, without assistance | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Yes, with assistance | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 |
| No | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
In the results that are presented in Table 1, it shows the difference in completion of the sugar writing tray activity and the number of individuals who participated in the activity. The independent variable in the study was the number of individuals living in the household that participated in the activity. The dependent variable in the study was the completion of the activity. The dependent variable in the study was recoded. It was recoded from yes, without assistance, yes, with assistance, and no to yes, with assistance and no. The table shows that the majority of children completed the activity with the assistance of two people. Overall, it can be determined that the majority of children completed the activity with some level of assistance. After completing a chi squared test to examine the association between a child/children successfully writing the letters of their name in the tray and the number of people who participated in the activity. It was found that our calculated p-value was 0.8815, our calculated chi-square value was 3.72, and our degrees of freedom was 8. It can be determined that there is not a significant difference between the number of individuals that participated in the activity and the completion of the activity. This result allows us to reject the null hypothesis.
Table 2:
Independent Samples T-test
Independent t-test results for the amount assistance needed by a child to complete the activity and the number of individuals living in the household that participated in the activity
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Variable Mean t-statistic
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Assistance 7.62 1.6561*
Household 6.50
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Note: *p<.05, p<.01**, p<.001***
In the results that are presented in Table 1, it shows the difference between the means of the amount of assistance required to complete the activity and the number of individuals in the household that participated in the activity. The independent variable in the study was the number of individuals in the household that participated in the activity. The dependent variable was the amount of assistance required to complete the activity. After completing an independent sample t-test on the parent data, it was found that there was a higher mean of 7.62 in respondents who completed the activities with the whole family compared to the mean of 6.50 for respondents that completed the activity with the assistance of just a parent. After completing a t-test it can be determined that there is not a significant difference between the means. The degrees of freedom recorded was 29.02.
| Table 3:
ANOVA of parental assistance by the amount of time taken to complete the sugar tray activity. |
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| Mean | Standard Deviation | Sum of Squares | Mean of Squares | F-Value | |
| 0-10 Minutes | 9.33 | 1.21 | 0.851 | 0.8508 | 0.2151 |
| 11-20 Minutes | 8.67 | 1.56 | |||
| 21-30 Minutes | 7.60 | 2.41 | |||
| 30+ Minutes | 9.00 | 2.16 | |||
In the results that are presented in Table 1, it shows the difference of means between the amount of time that was needed to complete the activity. The independent variable in the study was the amount of parental assistance a child received. The dependent variable in the study was the amount of time that was taken to complete the activity. After completing an ANOVA to evaluate the relationship between the amount of parental assistance a child received and the amount of time that was taken to complete the sugar tray activity. It was found that our calculated f-value was 0.2151. It can be determined that there is not a significant difference between the amount of time taken to complete the activity and the level of parental assistance. This result allows us to reject the null hypothesis.
Through the completion of the chi-squared test, the independent samples t-test, and the ANOVA it can be determined that there is not a significant difference between the amount of assistance a child receives and the completion of an activity.