Findings
This study aimed to answer the question, “How can family involvement improve family fun time activities?” A scale from 0 to 10 was used to rate the dependent variable, which was family involvement. Income served as the study’s primary independent variable. Income was divided into several categories for this study, including less than $10,000, $10,000-$30,999, $31,999-$50,999, $51,000-$70,999, $71,000-$90,999, $91,000-or-more, and prefer not to answer. Low income ($30,99) and high income (>$31,000) were recoded as two separate groupings. If the household’s wealth impacted how involved the family was, the study’s findings will show. Three statistical tables will be shown throughout the paper to assist in analyzing the subject of the study. The Independent Sample T-test, ANOVA, and Chi-squared tables will be displayed. The Independent Sample T-test will be presented in Table 1. The ANOVA test is displayed in Table 2. The Chi-squared test is displayed in Table 3.
Independent Sample T-test
Table 1.
Independent samples t-test of family involvement by income
| Mean of family involvement | t statistic | df | ||
| <30,999 | 6.75 | -0.2 | 69.54 | |
| >31,000 | 6.90 |
Note. p<.05*, p<.01**, p<.001***
The mean involvement of parents for respondents with income less than $30,999 and more than $31,000 is shown in Table 1. As opposed to providing several income choices for the independent sample t-test, the choices were divided into “low income” and “high income.” Family involvement is the dependent variable for this independent sample t-test. In this test, the independent variable is income. The mean family involvement for families with an income of less than $30,000 was 6.75 out of 10. The mean family involvement for the family’s income of more than $31,000 was 6.90 out of 10. These means are not significantly different at the .001 level. The t statistic shown on the graph is -20 and the degree of freedom is 69.54.
ANOVA
Table 2. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of child engagement by household type
| Household Type | Mean Engagement | F-value |
| Two-parent | 8.2 | 1.9 |
| Single-parent | 8.2 | |
| Multigenerational | 10.0 |
Note: p<.05*, p<.01**, p<.001***
After performing an ANOVA test, Table 2 displays the income means for both low and high-income groups. The dependent variable for this ANOVA was the engagement of the child. This was asked on a 0-10 scale. The independent variable for this ANOVA was Income. Respondents were categorized as “low income” and “high income.” The mean family income for low-income families was 6.75 out of 10. The mean family income for high-income families was 7.60 out of 10. The f-value of this ANOVA test is 0.9209. According to the ANOVA results these means are not significantly different at the .05 level.
Chi-squared
Table 3. Chi-squared of parent involvement by income
| Engagement | Low Income | High Income | Total | |
| Low Engaged | 4 | 4 | 8 | |
| Moderate Engagement High Engagement Chi-Square | 16 12 | 4 12 | 20 24 4.68 | |
Note. p<.05*, p<.01**, p<.001***
Table 3 shows how involved parents were in activities based on their income, which was re-coded into the “low” and “high” groups. The table shows family involvement by income level and includes chi-square data. The dependent variable for this Chi-squared was parent engagement. This was asked on a 0-10 scale. The independent variable for this Chi-square was Income, low and high. Respondents were categorized into “low, moderate, and high engagement.” The chi-squared was 4.68, which was not significant.
Conclusion
Three alternative statistical tables were created to examine the research question, “How can family involvement improve family fun time activities?” According to the facts shown below, the family’s housing income is not much impacted by its involvement in the family. Based on the statistics tables provided, it is difficult to say with certainty whether or not income has an impact on the family’s participation. The present study has shown that family involvement was not significantly influenced by household income.