Chi-Squared

Table 1. Chi-squared of Parent Involvement by Parent’s Education Level 

Involvement	Less than College	Some College and Above	Total
Low Involvement	14	20	34
High Involvement	13	16	29
Chi-Square			0.085

 

The independent variable is the parent’s level of education. The original categories were as follows: “Some high school”, “High school diploma or GED”, “Certification from a trade or vocational school”, “Some college”, “Associate’s degree”, “Bachelor’s degree”, and “Graduate degree or more”. The categories have been re-coded into the two groups “Less than College” and “College and Above”. The categories from “Certification from trade or vocational school” and before were grouped into “Less than College”. The categories from “Some college” and after were grouped into “College and Above”. The dependent variable is engagement to the activity measured on a scale of 0 to 10. 0 means there was no engagement at all, whereas 10 means there was a great amount of engagement. The dependent variable was re-coded into two categories; a score of 7 or below was categorized as “Low Involvement” and a score of 8 or above was re-coded into “High Involvement”. In the “Low Involvement” group, the “Some College and Above” group had a higher level of involvement. The same can be said for the “High Involvement” group.

Within this sample, χ² = 0.085. The p-value of this sample equals 0.7704. At the α = 0.05 level, p is not less than 0.05. It can be concluded that there is no significant difference between the categories at p<0.05; the null hypothesis is retained.