Chi-Squared

Table 3.
Chi-Squared of involvement by single-parent household
Involvement	Single-Parent Household	Not Single-Parent Household	Total
Low Involvement	6	27	33
High Involvement	11	19	30
Chi-Square			2.7252
Note. N=66; p<.05*, p<.01**, p<.001***

The independent variable for this Chi-Squared test was if children live in a single-parent household. The item that measured this is “Does your child live in a single-parent household?” with answer choices of “yes”, “no”, and “prefer not to say”. There were no responses to the “prefer not to say” answer, so there are only two groups for analysis. The dependent variable for this test was family involvement. The item that measured this is “How engaged was your family in this activity (working together)?” with answer choices on a scale of 1-10 with “0=not at all” and “10=a great amount”. The dependent variable was re-coded into two groups of “low involvement” including scores from 0 to 7 and “high involvement” including scores from 8 to 10.

There were six responses of single-parent households with low involvement and 27 responses of not single-parent households with low involvement. There were 11 responses of single-parent households with high involvement and 19 responses of not single-parent households with high involvement. From the descriptive outcomes, we can see that more single-parent households had high involvement than low involvement. We also see that more not single-parent households had low involvement than high involvement. Overall, from the descriptive outcomes we can see that more individuals in single-parent households respond with higher involvement compared to not single-parent households. From the Chi-Squared analysis, we get the  value (2.7252) and p-value (0.09877). Comparing the p-value to the industry standard of 0.05 to see if there is significance. We can see that there is not a significant difference between the means of the categories. The descriptive outcomes and the statistical outcomes vary.