Table 1.

Independent Sample t-test of parental involvement by racial/ethnic groups

Involvement by Race	Mean	t-statistic
Black or African-American	7.667	0
White (Non-Latino)	7.667

Note. p<.05* , p<.01** , p<.001***

For this study, the dependent variable is parental involvement. The item from the questionnaire that was used to operationalize this was “On a scale of 0-10, how much did you assist your child in this activity?”  The answer choices for this item were “Scale 0-10; 0 = not at all, 10 = a great amount”. The independent variable for this study was race/ethnicity. The item from the questionnaire that was used to operationalize this was “What is your race/ethnicity?” The answer choices for this question were “Latino/Hispanic, White (Non-Latino), Black or African-American, Asian, Pacific Islander, Native American, Middle Eastern, Multiracial, Other, and Prefer not to answer “.

The mean of involvement for parents who self-identified as ‘Black or African-American’ was 7.667 and the mean of involvement for parents who self-identified as ‘White (Non-Latino)’ was 7.667. Because the calculated is less than the critical, we retain the Null Hypothesis. Meaning, there is no significant difference between the means.