ENSC 101

ENSC 101 was a course taught by Dr. Labosier and this course focused on the basics and introduction to environmental science. The document below is a study guide that I wrote myself to help study for the class final. It has a bunch of terms along with their definitions. I enjoyed this class a lot because it made me even more interested in my major and I believe that it was a great introductory course.

ENSC Study Guide

Final

  • Scientific Method: Method/Procedure to organize a scientific experiment
  • Peer Review: Evaluation of scientific works by others to confirm validity
  • Weather: Daily Weather
  • Climate: Seasonal weather, not day-to-day
  • Greenhouse Effect: Trapping of the sun’s warmth, causes warming of the atmosphere
  • Orbital Variations: change in the Earth’s movement on its climate
  • Biosphere: Surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere
  • Ecosystem: living organisms in their physical environment
  • Population: number of organisms in an area
  • Trophic System: levels in an ecosystem
  • Food Web: stages of consumers/predation
  • Environmental Systems: life interacts with various abiotic components found.
  • Positive Feedback Loops: continue again and again making things worse and worse
  • Population Pyramids: Pyramid off population growth of an adult, infant, and elderly
  • Malthusian: Earth’s resources on supply the population
  • Cornucopian: continue to grow if we resupply resources
  • Scientific Consensus: Opinion or Judgement
  • Greenhouse Gasses: Gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation (carbon dioxide)
  • Solar Variability: change in solar activity
  • Internal Variability: Variation in natural or anthropogenic external forcing
  • Landscape: geography of an area
  • Community: All of the organisms in an area interacting with one another
  • Organism: living thing
  • Trophic Cascade: keystone species
  • Keystone Species: Highest consumer in the food web, an important species that if taken away can affect the entire ecosystem
  • Negative Feedback Loops: don’t have a cycle
  • Dynamic Equilibrium: balance between continuing processes
  • Physical Hazard: can cause harm or danger with or without contact
  • Chemical Hazard: harm by chemicals in the air, can cause long-term health effects
  • Biological Hazards: cause harm in the organisms such as a virus or disease
  • Cultural Hazards: certain behaviors or actions that cause types of health issues
  • Toxicology: study the effects and nature of poisons
  • Toxicant: toxic substance introduced into the environment such as a pesticide
  • Carcinogen: cause cancer
  • Mutagen: cause mutations
  • Allergens: cause allergic reactions
  • Neurotoxins: poisons that act in the nervous system
  • Endocrine Disruptors: affect the endocrine system
  • Biomagnifications: concentration of toxins in an organism
  • Bioaccumulation: substance gets accumulated in an organism such as pesticides
  • Dose and Response: how an organism responds to certain doses
  • LD50: Amount of a toxic substance
  • ED50: Amount of a dose of a certain drug given
  • Threshold Dose: lowest given dose that causes effects
  • Precautionary Principle: lack of full scientific certainty will not be used to prevent environmental degradation
  • Waste: trash/litter/pollutants
  • Recycle: turn objects into other things
  • Reuse: reuse object again and again
  • Reduce: reduce the use of this object overall
  • Municipal Solid Waste: common trash people have
  • Industrial Waste: Waste created from industries
  • Hazardous Waste: waste that can cause harm to organisms or the environment
  • Superfund: funds to finance a long-term project or experiment
  • Brownfield: former industrial or commercial site where future use is affected by real or perceived environmental contamination
  • E-Waste: Electronic Waste
  • Industrial Ecology: study of material and flow of energy through industrial systems
  • Biodiversity: variety of life
  • Species Diversity: Variety of species in an environment
  • Genetic Diversity: total number of genetic characteristics in an organism
  • Ecosystem Diversity: variety of ecosystems in a given environment
  • Extinction: no more of that species alive in the world
  • Extirpation: species is no longer in that one area but is somewhere else in the world
  • Endangered Species: under recovery, close to extinction
  • Threatened Species: close to endangerment
  • Watershed: ridge of land that separates waterways
  • Hypoxia: deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues
  • Runoff: flow of nutrients running off land into a waterway
  • Eutrophication: excessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other body of water
  • Primary Productivity: synthesis of organic compounds from atmosphere or aqueous carbon dioxide
  • Major cause for the loss of biodiversity: habitat destruction
  • Eutrophication? Why?: Eutrophication is excess in rich nutrients caused from runoff from farms and land